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Transee flue3/2/2023 There is a conflict between CO 2 fixation and lipid accumulation. Many researchers have found that nitrogen starvation was able to promote the synthesis and accumulation of oil in microalgae cells, but reduce the photosynthetic activity of microalgae cells. The third is problem of competitive intracellular reaction pathways. Martin jonikas has proved that the low biological catalytic activity of enzymes in cells with high concentration of CO 2 leads to the difficulty of directional carbon/hydrogen conversion, how to improve the activity of key enzymes is still a key problem in the process of microalgae carbon sequestration. The second is the intracellular enzyme activity of microalgae. found that the contradictory relationship between high resistance of cell membrane micropores and high flux of flue-gas-derived CO 2 limited mass transfer rate of CO 2 molecules across cell membrane. Ned Wingreen showed that the growth rate and CO 2 fixation efficiency of microalgae under air conditions were seriously limited by CO 2 diffusion rate, Khoo et al. However, there are still three basic problems in energy/mass transfer and conversion in the process of microbial conversion of flue-gas-derived CO 2 to biodiesel and biogas fuels, the first is the mass transfer of CO 2 across cell membrane, the research of Prof. Prestigious peer-review journals such as Nature and Cell have pointed out that microbial energy is one of the hottest research frontiers. The Outline of the National Program for Long- and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development and the 13th Five-Year Plan For Renewable Energy Development clearly point out that it is necessary to vigorously develop new energy, such as biomass energy and hydrogen energy, to achieve the targets in which 2 million tons of biodiesel and 44 billion cubic meters of biogas should be produced by 2020. Microbial conversion of flue-gas-derived CO 2 for producing biodiesel and biogas has been considered a significant technology in many industries, such as energy conservation, environmental protection, new energy development, and low-carbon circular economy. The goals of international energy security and sustainable development necessitate the role of renewable energy, of which biomass energy is an essential choice for realizing the strategic energy diversification. The report of 19th National Congress states that “A beautiful China needs a clean and low-carbon energy system”. (3) Establish chain reaction pathways coupled with step changes. (2) Propose a strategy that directionally regulates enzyme activity. The innovative results in previous studies have been obtained as follows: (1) Reveal mass transfer mechanism of vortex flow across cell membrane micropores. Multiple researches have established a theoretical foundation of microbial energy conversion which strengthens energy/mass transfer in microbial cells. Therefore, key scientific issues of microbial energy conversion lie in the understanding on directional carbon/hydrogen conversion and desirable cascade energy transfer. However, three fundamental problems relating to energy/mass transfer and conversion remain as follows: (1) contradictory relationship between high resistance of cell membrane micropores and high flux of flue-gas-derived CO 2 limits mass transfer rate of CO 2 molecules across cell membrane (2) low biocatalytic activity of intracellular enzymes with high-concentration CO 2 results in difficulties in directional carbon/hydrogen conversion (3) competition between multiple intracellular reaction pathways and high energy barriers of target products hinder the desirable cascade energy transfer. Microalgae carbon sequestration is a hot research direction for researchers. Microbial conversion of flue-gas-derived CO 2 for producing biodiesel and biogas has been considered a significant technology in new energy development. The goals of national energy security and sustainable development necessitate the role of renewable energy, of which biomass energy is an essential choice for realizing the strategic energy diversification and building a low-carbon energy system.
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